Welcome to Fall Convocation at Grace Christian University. As we gather to begin this new academic year, we come with hearts full of anticipation and hope for what God will do in our lives and in this community.
Today we are honored to hear from our President, Dr. Ken Kemper, who will bring the opening chapel message. President Kemper has faithfully led Grace with a vision rooted in biblical truth, service, and the preparation of courageous ambassadors for Christ. This morning, he will challenge us with a crucial calling for every believer, especially as we navigate the challenges of our modern world: the call to contend for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints.
Opening Thoughts: The Honor of Bringing God’s Word
It is always an honor for me to begin these chapels by bringing the word of God. And I will be honest, as my boys say to me, who are both pastors, “Dad, you have an enthusiasm that must bring a lot of sweat.” So this cap and gown can’t suffice to hold me back when I’m preaching.
We had a theme this year. Pastor Danny developed a cool theme, “The Way of the Lamb, Messiah,” this semester from the Old Testament. I hope you’ll be able to attend and enjoy that. I thought about that, and I was really praying, “God, would you speak to our faculty, staff, and students as we begin the new academic year with exactly what you desire for us to hear? Say it bluntly, what we really need, what’s going on in our crazy society as we begin a new academic year.”
And I feel like God has led me to speak about this. It is important.
The Art of Planting Trees: A Picture of Your Growth
If you’ve ever planted a tree, I’ve planted several of them, there is an art to how you prepare the ground for planting a tree.
And I thought about that illustration, and it’s a lot like parenting. My wife and I raised three children, and we had an opportunity to continue to invest in their lives and to seek to expose them to good people. Sometimes there is some weeding of things in their lives that we help them with.
But at the same time, we wanted them to go to a place like Grace Christian University where they could be planted and start to bloom and blossom and grow and yet have a support system. So that’s why I like that illustration of a new tree being planted. There’s a whole science to how you stake it out and how you tie it.
Don’t tie it too tight. If you tie it too tight, then when the wind blows, it’s so tight it doesn’t grow. There’s a certain science to a tree, when it blows, it releases ethylene gases and it actually becomes stronger. So it needs to blow. So you can’t tie it too tightly, make sure it can sway. So then when you release the bindings from it and the poles, it’s strong. And it’s ready to really bloom and blossom and just take off.
That’s a good illustration of where we are as colleges, we want to see you become independent, grow, be strong, and yet, thank God, there’s a support system. There’s something that says we really want you to weather the challenges of this world and what it means to be a courageous ambassador for Christ as an adult in a world that is sometimes quite hostile to where we are.
Jude’s Urgent Message
I’m going to start in the book of Jude. The book of Jude is not a very common passage to speak from, but it just convicted me as I was reading and studying this. You start in the first verses of Jude and it says, “Jude, a servant of Jesus Christ and a brother of James.” If that’s true, he’s the brother of James. James is the brother of Jesus. So he could have said, “I’m also the half-brother of Jesus Christ.” He didn’t lord it over them and say, “Hey, you need to listen to me. I know Jesus personally. I grew up with him. He was the ultimate brother who didn’t get in trouble” or whatever it might be.
You know, think about how challenging it was. And we read in the Gospels that the family of Jesus wasn’t always proud of him. In fact, it was like he was making quite a scene and claiming some things that they weren’t quite sure of, even though they knew, and especially Mary, we’re told she cherished these things in her heart and she watched him grow in favor with God and man. She came to absolutely understand who Jesus was. He was born of a miracle birth, a virgin birth. But the brothers, not so much. They had to deal with this. They didn’t have that promise. They didn’t have the appearance of the angels.
So Jude has an interesting position. He’s writing to first-century believers after Jesus has departed. In other words, think about it. They’ve come to faith in Jesus Christ. There’s been an explosion of followers called “the way” who are following Jesus because of the way he taught with authority like no one had ever taught before. And yet now he’s gone. Yes, he said, “I promise the Holy Spirit, just like we have, who will come and who will teach you all things, he can indwell. And if we believe and if we follow his instructions, we will grow in grace and knowledge of God.”
Well, Jude is writing to people to say Jesus has left and the environment is challenging. Be planted and be careful. So that’s Jude’s challenge to these believers after Jesus has left and gone to heaven.
Celebrating Our Shared Salvation
Then we pick up the next verse in chapter one, there’s only one chapter, verse three.
“Dear friends, although I was eager to write to you about the salvation we share,” and that would be the way I’d like to begin today. Let’s come together in our first chapel. Let’s just celebrate the reality that we have chosen to participate as members of the body of Christ in a place called Grace Christian University where we get to share meals and classes and fellowship together. Our sports teams get to compete. We’re going to cheer for each other. We’re going to uphold each other. And yes, there’s brokenness in every one of us, and so therefore we’re not perfect.
But at least we understand, and we have this intention. You’ve been to one and a half days of classes, and I hope you’re not saying, “I’m not going to pass that class.” I hope at this point you’re going, “I’m going to make it. This is going to be a good class. No matter how I performed in high school or at another institution, this is going to be really powerful and good.”
So that would be a great message. Let’s just celebrate the fact that we’re all together in the salvation that we share. And that’s what Jude says to the fledgling young planted church after Jesus has left. That would be a nice message for me to share with you because we are starting life together as a Christian college community. First of all, let me congratulate you and let me encourage you.
The Urgent Call
But then where does Jude go with that? His very next phrase. He says, “But I felt I had to urge you.” Or the ESV says, “I felt it was necessary.” As much as I wanted to just be flowery and congratulatory, I felt like I needed to write you. I needed to warn you. I was compelled, I was moved by the Holy Spirit, God motivated me and gave me a burden that I had to speak.
That’s exactly how I feel today. For your generation, of which I have the greatest hope that I’ve had in many, many years, I also have incredible burden to say there is an important, important message for you that I want you to grasp today as we start this academic year.
“I want you to contend for the faith that was once for all entrusted to all the saints.”
The Faith That Has Been Entrusted to Us
What a message Jude gave. He said, “I want you to contend. I have this burden that there is a faith.” So this faith that was entrusted to all the saints is what the mother tree would have had. It’s what generations before us had. It was a faith that was entrusted to your parents and your grandparents and the parents before them and the founders of our nation and the people in other countries who followed Jesus Christ from the very point of the gospel of Jesus Christ coming and living and dying on this planet and ascending to heaven. He’s passed on a faith that’s been entrusted to people who have said, “I believe in the reality of who Jesus Christ is and the gospel message and the accurate recording of it in Scripture that it’s been entrusted, and therefore I’m a steward of it.”
And I want to say to you, please, value the faith that’s been communicated. It’s the clear truth of the gospel. It’s God’s creative design. And you’re going to have an opportunity at Grace Christian University, unlike a lot of institutions, to study theology. Who is God? Why did he decide to create man in his own image? And why did he care when man was so oblivious to him and went his own way and sinned and erred again and again and again? And we get the character of God, that he’s an incredibly gracious and compassionate God.
Our Studies at Grace
That leads my theology. I quote that verse every morning. When I talk to God in prayer, I talk to God and I say, “God, thank you. God, you are a gracious and compassionate God and a God of mercy and faithfulness and love, maintaining faithful love to a thousand generations, forgiving iniquity, rebellion, and sin,” because that means I’m acceptable by your character. Our theology says he’s the right God.
But the second thing we do is study anthropology, the study of man. And we study anthropology in such a way at Grace that we say, and we recognize, because we have the record, how man came into being. He’s beautifully created in the image of God.
But we also understand in our anthropology that where we are today, thousands of years later, that man made decisions because he was given a free will in the image of God and chose evil. And therefore, from then on, all of us have a choice again and again and again to choose to follow God or to reject God. And because he loves us, he gives us that total freedom.
And so our anthropology is very different from other institutions. We said, we recognize this world is beautifully created and we’re made in his image, and yet we’re broken and we’re fallen.
Salvation Through Jesus Christ
But we also teach soteriology, the study of salvation, and you’ll learn that God didn’t leave us this way. From the time that mankind fell, he promised a savior and a redemption, and he brought him in the fullness of time. Jesus Christ came and he died and he paid the penalty for the sins of mankind who lived at the time, who lived before, which were represented in animal sacrifice. And for us who were yet to be born, he died and his blood covers our sin and gives us a right standing before God.
Hallelujah. I am so thankful that at Grace, we understand we’re great and that we’re made in the image of God. We’re specially formed. The sin of mankind permeates every one of us, and yet God has prepared a plan of salvation.
And last, there’s ecclesiology. We’re here today because ecclesiology is the church. We are the church, not the building, not the denomination, but we are the people of God who have accepted the reality that Christ died for us and he’s given us life. And I hope that you come to Grace Christian University, whether you know that message and you hold it dear, or you say, “I’m open to understanding that better”, because we stand for that: that Jesus Christ died for sins and he gave us life.
Living Out Our Faith in Community
And he asks us then to, with that life, fellowship together as an institution, as a local church, in Bible studies, in small groups, to hang out on ball teams and say, “You know what? Our team didn’t perform at maximum today, but we upheld the name of Jesus Christ in an honorable way.” Or when we won and we totally trounced those guys across town or wherever they are, sorry, I shouldn’t have made a reference to an institution across town, we did it with grace and we didn’t rub their face in it because we honor the Lord Jesus Christ.
That’s what we want Grace Christian University to stand for. So it’s the faith entrusted to our forefathers, entrusted, and I’m asking, would you take that faith and would you treasure it? Would you treasure the gospel for all the value that it has?
Treasuring the Faith Like Crown Jewels
I’ve been to England a number of times. One time we did go to the Tower of London and we walked in to see the crown jewels. This is the crown jewels. Queen Elizabeth could put this crown on when she wanted, or anybody after her, or King Charles. And it’s the crown jewels.
And the guarding around the crown jewels is incredible. You can’t touch it. No, you can’t say, “Can I try it on?” You can look at it and you look through this plexiglass, and no way you can fire anything that would penetrate, those firearms. It is safe and it is sound, and you walk in and those guys who are the, what do they call them? The Beefeaters with the big hats and stuff like that. They seem like they’re just for entertaining, but there is also incredibly tight security.
Why? Because they’ve been entrusted with something that stands for their nation. It is who they are.
Friends, we don’t have a physical representation. We have what Paul calls when he tells Timothy, “Guard the deposit which I’ve given you.” The deposit of the teaching of the Word of God, that Jesus Christ came and died for sinful men, of whom I’m the greatest, and brought salvation.
Friends, you have been given an incredibly valuable gift greater than the crown jewels of the Queen of England. You’ve been given the gospel, you’ve been given the faith.
The Call to Contend
But then he says in verse 3, “Beloved, I was always eager to write to you, but I found it necessary to write appealing to you to contend for the faith.” That word contend from the original language actually is where we get our word to agonize, but greater than that, to agonize earnestly.
Now I recognize at Grace that we’ve got a lot of athletes, almost half of our student body are athletes, and I love it when I hear that. You had to get up early and exercise at 5:30 to do fitness. And I’m sure you were really thrilled with that too, weren’t you, at 6 o’clock?
But why do we do such a thing? Because we take seriously the athletic events or sports and the competition that we will have. And I know it’s hard to believe, but I was once an athlete. And when I was told to do my line drills, every time I ran that line drill I said, “I’m running harder than the guy who’s cashing in and saying, ‘I’m not doing it.'” And when I was training for marathons, and it was raining, it was yucky, I said, “I’m running today because somebody’s not running today.”
You see, it’s contending, it’s saying, “We’re going to get the advantage.” And Jude says to the followers of Jesus Christ who are young and they’re fledgling like a tree that needs to be supported, “Will you contend? Will you devote yourself? Will you agonize eagerly by working out daily, consistently stretching, building muscle for success and optimal performance because the gospel is that important?”
Building Spiritual Muscle at Grace
Now, everyday life in America doesn’t build you to contend for the gospel. Grace Christian University says, “There are drills and there are techniques in which you become stronger,” and it’s fellowshipping in chapel. It’s having small groups. It’s having small group time on your athletic team. It’s fellowshipping in the evening. It’s talking about the things of God. It’s filling our mind with things that can be used to be able to overcome the enemy and we can be strong.
And you know what? We don’t contend for the faith by sitting in the recliner or in the rocking chair, but we do it by exercising our muscles to be able to contend for the faith. In other words, some of you have come here and said, “You know, I’ve recently made an acknowledgement of Jesus Christ, but I really don’t have a strong faith,” or we say it this way, “I don’t have an apologetic that I could defend the faith with when talking to other people.”
You’re in the right place. This is an opportunity for you to build your muscles and to practice so that you can contend for the faith because there is a battlefield in the world for the hearts and minds of people, and the devil knows it very well. And so the Lord looks for those who are willing to contend for the faith.
Why We Must Contend: The Enemy’s Tactics
So we go back to our scripture. “Why should we contend for the faith? For certain men whose condemnation was written about long ago”, in other words, these are people who are condemned because they are not in Christ, “have secretly slipped in among you. They are godless men who change the grace of God into a license for immorality and they deny Jesus Christ as their only sovereign and Lord.”
It says they’ve secretly slipped in among you. You see, the tactics of the enemy is not to blatantly say, “Here’s something stupid to believe that’ll make your life miserable. Why don’t you follow me?” No, he doesn’t do that.
Satan’s greatest ploy is deceit, to bring us along to help us to think that we’re actually going in a right direction and find ourselves at a dead-end street. You see, Satan’s ploy is to secretly slip in and to do it, and he’s been doing it for generations and generations. He does it in the church, he does it in colleges, he does it everywhere in our life and with our friendships.
A Personal Story of Deception
I went to Africa in 1987 to begin my career as a missionary, lived there for the next 16 years. In the first two years after studying language, I found that I was living in a small village, very remote. I was the only missionary, I was the only European in that country, with all my friends of the different tribes that I was working with at the time. I was fluent in the language, I was getting continually more comfortable, and it took me almost a year of living in this small village to understand that my best friend in the village was my best friend for good reasons, for his advantage.
I didn’t know it. Before I came, he had been helping himself to the things that were now my living space and doing that. Now by being my friend, it made him available to be there as much as he wanted, and then pretty soon, without much time passing, he would help me with this, he’d help me with this, help me with this, and the next thing I know, he needed help with all kinds of things that I didn’t even have the money to help him with. In other words, there was an ulterior motive to coming close.
Now, that’s the norm of secretly slipping in, we don’t declare the intentions. And so you should never think as Christians, “Well, we’ll understand and we’ll recognize all the ploys of the devil.” No, we don’t.
Contending means we exercise and we work so hard to know the truth that we recognize when it comes.
The Cultural Shifts
Well, how did we get here? Let me just play a little game with you. How did we get here? Well, this has been going on for the last 100 years.
Ideological shifts, atheism, post-modernism, skepticism said, “You know, it’s really not as simple as you think. You can’t just believe what’s been written for generation after generation. I know even in America, Christian nation, it’s not all it’s cracked up to be.” We believe in the science and post-modernism and skepticism, we have to question everything.
The Forces Shaping Our Generation
And then this is probably the most dramatic: technological shifts, which are most dramatic in our time, the dispensing of information without filters. It’s simply, “Let’s just get the information out. Nobody’s saying, ‘Is it true, is it not?’ Let’s just say it enough and enough” to the point where we’ve heard it, we’ve read it on the internet, so it must be true, right? It’s unfiltered and it’s personalized. I get it on my phone and it doesn’t have to go through any of yours, it doesn’t have to go through anybody’s regulations, it’s simply to me, ideas. We read about the ideas and the ideologies of the whole world anytime we want. We can be a student of it and it conflicts with some things that we’re taught, but it’s unfiltered.
The moral and sexual shifts are revolution. The brokenness of marriage in the last 60, 70 years. The thought that marriage and the reality that sex is reserved for marriage, “Oh, that’s really, that’s such a hindrance to my human freedoms.” Yeah, yeah, that’s been popular since the ’60s. It’s nothing new right now, right? And then it went further than that to say, “And besides that, why are we so down on people that are divorced? Why are we so strongly opposed to them? Why do we think that people who have same-sex attractions are not normal?” So we’ve normalized and legalized all of those things.
The Obergefell decision six years ago, the Obergefell decision to allow gay marriage was purported as, “This is so that people can just do what they want to do and leave them alone.” Friends, if you believe that, you are terribly misguided. The first step in an all-out offensive against heterosexual marriage is what that step was. And it continues to be fought out in the courts in America today. And there’s plenty of proof to show that. We are in a crazy battle for the sexual revolution.
Living in a Culture of Shifting Values
Racial and social justice shifts, whether it be Trayvon Martin or Floyd or critical race theory, I just put it up there as it’s the critical theory in general. A Marxist theory that says it’s only about, not your individual responsibility. You’re never responsible individually. It’s about your relationship and your social group. Were you oppressed or were you the oppressor? And all of that is how you should make amends with the world around us. So it’s a continual shift and it’s mind-spinning that we can’t keep up with it.
Then we have the political polarization. I just read an excellent book from a speaker I heard this summer, and he talked about a culture of contempt. So you know what’s happened in the last 10 years? We don’t have any political dialogue. All we have is contempt for the other side. You want to answer that question in a debate? “Well, I’m going to answer that question by saying this man is the worst president we’ve ever had in the history of our nation.” What does that have to do with the question? It’s like, let’s just make the other side contemptible, and then we don’t have to get along with anything. We have more polarization in America than we’ve ever had before.
We redefine all the terms and we simply lead to this point where we’re just contemptible of anybody who’s not like us. Where is that in scripture? Nowhere. But that’s the political process.
The Redefinition of Terms
And in fact, we redefine terms. Nationalism. Didn’t nationalism used to be a great thing? “I’m patriotic, I’m national, I love my country.” And I hope that people all around the world will, and everybody I’ve visited with loves their country. But now nationalism is pretty negative. “Oh, you’re kind of a nationalist. Oh, you’ve gotten off track. You see, you think your country’s better than the gospel.” We redefine the terms.
How about feminism? I would say I’m for feminism. I’m for women participating in sports and having every right to do what they do. But feminism now is against toxic masculinity. That’s the definition if you say you’re a feminist today. In other words, you have to be apologetic that you’re a male because for some reason by being a male, you have made women uncomfortable. No, God made you male. And God made you female. And we celebrate that because we go back to our anthropology, right?
So how’d we get here? This redefinition. How about the lockdowns of 2020? I don’t even know if I can answer that question.
De-churching and deconstruction. There you go. De-churching and deconstruction. “We don’t need the church anymore. We don’t need to go to church. We are the church. In fact, I am the church.” Deconstruction says, “Let me just take everything” and say the deconstruction movement started with, there’s a positive deconstruction. It’s examining “Are you true? Are you having honest doubts?” And now it’s gone to if you identify with deconstruction, you actually should never use the Bible. That would constrain you. You should never think of doing it biblically. You need to deny those things. You need to deconstruct to the point where you are the final authority.
Well, that’s something new, isn’t it? It’s been going on forever. Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden heard this. “Did God really say? Would God really want you to not know what he knows?”
They’re the same questions deconstructionists ask today. “Wait a minute. Is it really exclusive? Is it really something that is only for you?”
Recognizing the Enemy’s Aim
See, these are godless men. Their aim is not for you to end up in a good place. Their aim is simply to have you be like them and not be convicted by them because you stand for something.
They change the grace of God into a license for immorality. That’s a powerful one. Let’s think about this for a second.
Our students come to Grace in America today, or in whatever country you came from, with incredible background of their life before they came here. I’m always amazed when I hear the testimonies of our students of the hard life to grow up in America today, the brokenness in families, the brokenness in relationships, the sexual promiscuity, the life of challenges whether it be drugs or cutting or whatever might be the latest thing that’s imposed upon our young people in America as part of the culture.
And God is gracious because he says, “I forgive you for that. I will give you a second chance tomorrow and I’ll forgive you the next day.” And the insidious part of God’s grace is that people take it and they turn it into a license for immorality.
You say, “Well, God is love, right? God is love. So therefore, it doesn’t matter who I love and how I love.” Well, have you read the scriptures? Love never endorses evil, 1 Corinthians chapter 13. Love always upholds truth. God knows, he created us, what love should look like, and he loved us first so that we could respond to him in love, and he gave us opportunity to love friends and family and do it in such a way that honors him.
And yet he is gracious. He is gracious to you. And Satan would have us, rather than contend for the faith, deny God and do what we want.
The Call to Yield, Not Decide
Oswald Chambers says, “Jesus never asks us to decide for him. He asks us to yield to him.” You see, because it always comes down to, “This is what I want. Let me interpret the Bible what I think is right and what I need.” And God would not tell you to do that. But Jesus said this, “If anyone wants to follow me, let him what? Deny himself, take up his cross daily and follow me.”
That’s what following Jesus looks like. It’s not, “What do I need and how can I make my spiritual walk and the scriptures conform to what I want.” But that’s what our society is doing and continuing to do and will continue to do. And that’s why I say, friends, contend for the faith. Find the truth and hold to it strongly and deny those who would convince you otherwise.
They Deny Christ as Lord
And then the last point he has in there, he says, “They change the grace of God into a license for morality and they deny Christ.” Listen to that. “They deny Christ as our only sovereign and Lord” and this is rampant in our society.
“What’s wrong with you Christians? You’re so exclusionary. You’re so committed and critical of the rest of us because you think you have one way and that’s the only way.”
No, we don’t say that. Jesus Christ says that. “I am the way, the truth and the life and no one comes to the Father but by me.” “There is no other name under heaven given among men whereby we must be saved” and therefore I want you to know the way since I know the way, this is the way, the truth and the life and I want you to celebrate that with me. I’m not exclusionary.
Contending Without Being Contentious
And here’s the other part. When we say contend with the gospel, we’re not saying let’s be contentious. You see, we have the truth and let’s display it in our lives and with graciousness tell all people that Jesus is the way, the truth and the life.
See, the church is Christ’s people. It’s always just one generation away from extinction. We pass on and you are the generation that carries the truth of the gospel and you have to be careful to instruct and pass on the truth of what makes us brothers and sisters in Christ because the reality is, I love this when we had our chapel theme on koinonia, on fellowship and we made a definition that says it’s that which brings us together around the centrality of Jesus Christ that we call each other brothers and sisters when you and I would never sit in the same table together if not for that.
That’s the power of the gospel, right? No matter where you come from, no matter what you’re like, whether you like the Yankees, or you like the Tigers, you can sit at the same table and enjoy a meal, right?
God is good and gracious and we’re not contentious. We are not to be contentious because here’s the reality, we’re not fighting with each other. We’re fighting falsehood. We’re standing for the truth. We’re believing that as the devil works to distract people on the battlefield from minds and hearts, we are the prize and every person living in this planet is the prize because the word of God will stand forever and people will stand forever and the devil knows that and therefore he wants to distract them so they won’t spend eternity with heaven and with Christ in heaven and we say no, we are Christ’s ambassador to wit that God was in us, giving us the gospel of reconciliation where we are able to proclaim this is the way to follow Christ and to live forever with him and it is the only joyful way that you can spend eternity and I would love for you to share that with me.
Recognizing False Teaching
Charles Spurgeon said “The new views are not the old truth in a better dress but they’re deadly errors with which we can have no fellowship.” We need to recognize them. We need to understand that. We understand the push for relevancy can be a dangerous push.
False teaching is a Trojan horse. The Trojan horse comes in, it comes in to destroy, the idea is to permeate behind the enemy lines so that when you get past the enemy lines, you can do destruction and no one knows about it. You see, it’s from the inside out.
There’s no doubt that it’s on our campus that you’re gonna be exposed to people who are wrestling with crazy ideas and you’re going to say, “Let’s compare this with scripture” and you’re going to struggle because you’re gonna be able to do an internet search and find somebody believes this and they’re teaching at some institution. Great, can you build your ability to contend for truth?
How Can We Contend for Truth?
So how can we contend for truth? Let me finish with this and I promise I’m finishing.
Number one, let’s know the faith. Friends, if you know the faith, you cannot be diverted but if you don’t know the faith, you’re susceptible. Study the truth of scripture so you recognize heresy and you name it as such and you say, “No, that is not what the scripture says.”
Number two, how do you contend for the faith? Pray for clarity and understanding. We ask for spiritual discernment. These are spiritual concepts. We ask that God do us. We pray for the confused. Remember that other people who think differently, they’re not the enemy. They’re the people that Satan is holding and that God wants to win. He died for them too, right? And so we wanna see them with graciousness and compassion come to a knowledge of the truth.
How about number three? Share the faith, the truth of the gospel in Christ. In other words, let’s be courageous ambassadors for Christ. Let’s recognize that if we don’t share, how will people hear the gospel? That can be shared whether it be in whatever form you do, your life is example for it, that’s number four.
Live out the faith in every sphere of life. The faith is not for chapel. The faith is not for church. The faith is for you to contend for when you connect with people, when you play athletics, when you do your studies, when you’re with your family, when you do your work. That’s how you live out the faith. Then the faith becomes powerful.
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